The dice can be changed by the casino at any time. Usually it happens when players begin to win too much. Superstition is common for casino supervisors too.
From a dealer perspective it is amazing to see that when a whole new set of dice are sent out in the middle of a hot roll, the shooter and the players almost never recognize that a new set of (5) dice have been sent out.
But the dice can be changed in other situations:
They find the dice too old and the edges too worn down. The casino change the dice when nobody plays at this very table.
The dice can be changed with every new shift or a crew of dealers. At the request of the a player, especially a high roller. Of course the casino is under no obligation to change the dice just because a player asks. The shooter can lose one of the dice while rolling. It's very rare that dice are actually lost.
Note: All dice sets are numbered and usually have the logo of the casino and the city and state location of the casino imprinted. Dice are cancelled after use with a device that imprints a small circle in the centre on the number 4 edge.

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